American Nazi Party And United Klans Of America - 1245 Words

American Nazi Party and United Klans of America After looking into two hate groups the American Nazi Party and United Klans of America, it was noticeable that the two groups racial hatred stemmed from the fear of the well-being of their own race. Both groups fear that United States is in jeopardy of becoming a racially mixed country rather than a white one. They view many minorities coming into the country and they fear that these people will replace them. This is the reason they have distress over white people losing their jobs to minorities and the government having policies that favor minorities. It is interesting, both groups claim to not be racist, but they voice opinions stating that each race should have their own separate country. Compared to the United Klans of America, the American Nazi Party does not advocate for violence and looks to use more political tools to get their point across. On the other hand, the United Klans of America claims they will not hesitate to use violence. After researching these two groups, there is no doubt that both groups possess strong racial hatred to a wide variety of minorities groups that include Jews, blacks, Muslims, Hispanics, and homosexuals. The motto of the American Nazi Party is, â€Å"We must secure the existence of our people and a future for White children.† (â€Å"American Nazi Party†, 2015). They refer to themselves as a Political-Educational Association dedicated to these 14 words. These ideals were instilled into them by theirShow MoreRelatedEssay on Neo-Nazis In America912 Words   |  4 PagesNeo-Nazis In America The American Neo-Nazi movement started in the streets in the middle 1980s, in the U.S. The movement is an act to keep alive the beliefs and actions of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Regime. Believers and activist in the movement are known as Skinhead, or Skins. Some are dresses like a lot like the original British movement, which was started by some rough looking teenagers in combat boots hanging out on the streets. The average Skinhead, wears combat boots or Doc MartensRead MoreKu Klux Kk And Nazi Party Similarities2883 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Ku Klux Klan and the Nazi party, that admittedly had very similar goals, but two different ways of getting to those goals. However, because of their end goals, these two different groups are synonymous with one another. Both of these groups did, in some way, do the same thing, they suppressed groups because of their race. However, they did this in two very different ways for two very different reasons. So how does the ideology and the methodol ogy of the Ku Klux Klan and the Nazi party differ? Read MoreKu Klan And Ku Klux Klan1359 Words   |  6 PagesKu Klux Klan 2 Abstract The Ku Klux Klan was formed in Tennessee during December, 1865. 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She is currently ArtsRead MoreSlavery Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesLife, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happinessquot; (Thomas Jefferson). Slavery Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade- Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations in that is now called the Caribbean, and eventually reached the southern coasts of America (Slavery Two; Milton Meltzer). The African natives were of all ages and sexes. Women usually workedRead MoreThe System of Government Fascism Essay examples1740 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen looking for the perfect opportunity to take complete control of the country and now was the time to do so. 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(Stump, LaVaultRead More Ku Klux Klan Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pages The Ku Klux Klan nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the southern states of the USA, the period known as â€Å"Reconstruction† created a pressure and fear and hate for the African Americans among many of the southern white people. This was because the African Americans were now free people and had the same rights as the white people. This angered many white people and they created groups to support their beliefs and to allow people with the same ideas to gather together and share their ideas. This isRead MoreHow Teaching Tolerance At Adolescence1387 Words   |  6 PagesHow Teaching Tolerance at Adolescence Can End the Transference of American Racism Introduction Racism has become an issue threatening to our nation, especially in our local and bordering communities. The South or â€Å"The Bible Belt† has always held more anti-black sentiments than territories in the north or west. The term â€Å"racism† has sadly been a common household term since the early years of the United States of America, but it is becoming more prevalent now than ever before. Hate and racism areRead MoreRacism and Discrimination in the US Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesmore unexceptable. This is most likely due to the fact that parents are teaching their children about equality among different races other than their own at a very young age. Some parents are going as far as to taking their children to local Ku Klux Klan rallies to show them that being ignorant and racist is not the right way think and act. â€Å"If it is not thrown in your face, you tend to forget about it† says a parent who has tried this before (Tananarive 1J+). Statistics show that children are bias

Case Study Managers And Management - 2010 Words

Lecture 1: Managers Management - Dealing with organisations outside - Relating to supervisors - Interacting with co-workers - Manage yourself in the workplace Managers: what they do âž ¢ Management – pursuit of organisational goals efficiently and effectively âž ¢ Effectiveness: attaining organisational goals using resources âž ¢ Efficiency: achieving results, making the right decisions to achieve organisational goals âž ¢ Four primary functions: planning, organising, leading, controlling âž ¢ Planning: setting goals, deciding to achieve a certain goal âž ¢ Organising: arranging tasks, people, resources to accomplish the work âž ¢ Leading: motivating, directing, influencing people to achieve the organisation’s goals âž ¢ Controlling: monitoring†¦show more content†¦Competitive advantage 2. Globalisation 3. Diversity 4. Information technology (IT) 5. Ethics 6. Sustainability 7. Happiness life goals Lecture 2: The External Environment Environment: †¢ Managers and organisations: influenced and interact within the environment †¢ Environmental uncertainty: managers understand, predict changes and trends the environment affects organisations †¢ Stakeholders: heavily relied on individual interests †¢ Internal stakeholders – employees, owners, board of directors Task environment: †¢ Customers: paying to use an organisation’s

Myth Interpretation Free Essays

string(135) " a referral to the Greek god Pan, although the director and writer of the story denied having derived the Faun from Pan the Greek God\." The movie industry had delved with so many themes already that creating a fairy tale or a fantasy movie is not something new. These fantasy movies became mainstream attractions thanks to the new technology of 3D and animations that makes imaginary characters come to life and walk and talk like humans. In these fantasy movies, one can not help but question the inspiration for the story; the insight for the roles created; and the symbolism each character represents. We will write a custom essay sample on Myth Interpretation or any similar topic only for you Order Now There would be parallelism with each fantasy story, as every good fantasy movie would be, since it mainly caters young audiences, like for example the eternal battle between good and evil. Pan’s Labyrinth is not any difference, it tackled the parallelism and many more, although some symbolisms were graphically demonstrated, to the point of disgust, it is still a fantasy movie. These parallelisms between the symbolism in the movie and the myths would be analyzed and discussed in this paper. The liminality as every heroic tale should have would be pointed out in any way possible as it pertains to the Neo-Platonism idea of The One. Summary of the Movie Pan’s Labyrinth or El Laberinto Del Fauno in its original title in Spanish or literally translated as The Faun’s Labyrinth, is a fantasy film that delves in a young girl’s struggle to keep the reality beautiful by completing tasks in another parallel world. In so doing she will take the throne that was rightfully hers and become a Princess once again in the parallel world. There were two worlds in which Ofelia, the protagonist was living. The real world where her mother is sick with the baby, where her ruthless stepfather Captain Vidal lives, and where there are rebels prepared to take offense against the Captain’s forces; and the second world, where Ofelia is the long lost Princess Moana, daughter of the King and she must get back to him as soon as possible. To be able to go back to her father, Ofelia was tasked to complete three tasks before the full moon rises, in order to ensure that her â€Å"essence† is intact. First she must retrieve the golden key from the belly of a giant toad that was living off the life of an old tree. She successfully got the key and proceeded on with the next one, with the Faun’s guidance, to retrieve a golden knife from a pale man’s dwelling and she was successful again, but lost the lives of her assistant fairies. The Faun was so angry that he said Ofelia could never return to her kingdom. Meanwhile, the condition of her pregnant mother is getting worse, and the rebels who are against the fascist rule of her stepfather are building a plan of their own. Her mother lost her life in giving birth to her baby brother, her friend Mercedes was caught by Vidal for spying, and Vidal had caught Ofelia lying to him and imprisoned her in the attic with orders of shooting Ofelia first if the rebels attacked. Taking pity on the poor Ofelia, the Faun appeared again and gave her another chance; all she had to do is take her baby brother to the labyrinth. After much hardship and running away from Captain Vidal, Ofelia finally reached the labyrinth where the Faun was waiting for her with instructions to â€Å"prick† her little brother with the golden knife and let his blood flow through the labyrinth. Ofelia refused to hurt her baby brother, this led to the Faun’s disappointment and left Ofelia on her own, as Captain Vidal finally caught up with her, killed her and took the baby. Ofelia’s blood spilled in the labyrinth and Captain Vidal was met by Mercedes and her rebel friends and they killed Vidal. All the while, in another world, Ofelia rose and was called upon by her father as Princess Moana. She was astonished to find herself in a big castle with her father and her mother waiting for her. She had finally come home; while on the other end, Mercedes cradles the lifeless body of Ofelia. Contrasting Concepts and Symbolisms: Good vs. Evil As every fairy tale is supposed to have, the ensuing battle against the good and the evil, wherein no matter how much hardship the good guys had, the good will eventually triumph over the evil. In Pan’s Labyrinth, Ofelia represents the goodness in both worlds; the real world and the world underneath. The rebels signify the integrity and righteousness in the real world in their fight against the dark evil as manifested by the ruthless Captain Vidal. He is both the evil in Ofelia’s life as well as the rebels, and he had made their lives literally a living hell by torturing and killing the captured rebels, and later on, by taking Ofelia’s innocent life. As Ofelia went through difficult times and losing her life in the process, she triumphed for she had passed the test and did not fall into an evil-like behavior by sacrificing her baby brother. It is the goodness in her heart that finally led her to where she wants to be, with her mother and her father (although they are all dead already), and the only way she could do that was to die herself, and be reborn as Princess Moana of the Underworld. Ofelia is the epitome of good while Captain Vidal is the utmost evil by killing her. However, the other symbolism for good is the rebels who took Vidal’s life. Although the manner in which they did is not really â€Å"good†, in reality per se it is an acceptable way to end a fairly evil man. In this sense, Ofelia’s objective of making both worlds a better place to live in was achieved – in the fantasy world by completing all her tasks and in the real world through her death. Characters as Compared to Greek Myths The title itself was a referral to the Greek god Pan, although the director and writer of the story denied having derived the Faun from Pan the Greek God. You read "Myth Interpretation" in category "Essay examples" Perhaps, it is the similarity of the features that was compared to. The Faun personification of half man-half goat was first used in The Chronicles of Narnia as the trickster who wanted to kidnap Lucy but changed his mind later on. In Pan’s Labyrinth, the Faun was used as the guide with unknown objective – either the good or the bad. Is he telling the truth? Is he just tricking Ofelia to lure her into his trap? But we find out later that he was just testing Ofelia’s good heart if she could spill an innocent’s blood just to achieve her goals. The pale man who was guarding the magical dagger was perhaps derived from the â€Å"Cycladic idols† that archaeologists found in the Cycladic Islands. These figurines have white bodies, featureless faces, and stiff, formal poses and were thought to represent death. Just like the pale man, who represented nothing but death of children (in the drawings and the mountain full of children’s shoes). The stuffing of magic stones into the big toad’s mouth ended his reign thus giving birth to the key by tricking the toad into eating the magic stones when Ofelia placed a big bug along with the stones and held out her hand. This was perhaps derived from the Greek myth of the feud between Zeus and his father Kronos. Kronos had this habit of eating his children when they are born, and his wife Rhea, grew tired of seeing her children being swallowed by her husband that she tricked him into swallowing a rock instead of Zeus. Therefore, Zeus grew up and eventually killed Kronos. Underlying Interpretation a. As a belief System The myth surrounding Pan’s labyrinth stemmed through Ofelia’s belief system that was encouraged by the Faun of her being â€Å"The One†. The lost Princess Moana of another world, and longing to escape the present reality in which she wants to save her mother and her unborn brother, she goes on to complete the tasks presented. Ofelia firmly believed that if she could pass the stages and fulfill the responsibilities given to her, she would finally be able to see her father, who was waiting for her for a long time. Embodying a Social Conflict Pan’s labyrinth was set in the Post Civil War Spain in 1944. Captain Vidal is the head of one unit somewhere in the province who still hunts and kills rebel guerillas who are against the fascist rule. Carmen, Ofelia’s mother, had submitted herself, Ofelia and her unborn son’s fate into the hands of Captain Vidal. Perhaps love? But the sternness of Vidal and the lack of amiability between supposed to be husband and wife (Vidal and Carmen) lead the writer to assume that perhaps it is a mother’s survival instinct. Widowed with one kid during the hard times, perhaps the best chance of survival is to go with a powerful man to protect her self and ensure a good future for her children. Unknowingly, Carmen had entered a dark realm in which the man she though would rescue them, would be the sole reason of their demise. Confronted with the reality that Captain Vidal is a â€Å"bad† man, Ofelia tried to tell her mother who refuses to see the â€Å"real† Captain Vidal. Therefore, having no resolution and powerless to change the situation, Ofelia resulted into building her own world, from her imagination, through the fairy tale books that she was reading. It was through her mind that the blank book that the Faun gave her imprint instructions on what to do and how to do it. It was also with the Faun’s help that Carmen’s health condition got better (for a while) by placing a mandrake root under her bed; although one person in the real world, through Mercedes, may have seem to have the courage to change things, but still powerless to help Ofelia and her mother during their suffering, eventually stepped up to change and had Captain Vidal killed, but it was already too late for Carmen and Ofelia, for both have already lost their lives. c. Allegory The tasks performed by Ofelia in the parallel world are an allegory of her trying to escape and stop the cruel ruling of her stepfather Captain Vidal. Ofelia had pushed the stone that she found at the road to a mouth of a stone sculpture that started the chain of events – Carmen felt better to continue the travel. The Faun represents another entity that forces Ofelia to follow orders and be a good girl – just like Captain Vidal, he gives orders to his men and expects loyalty and respect or else he would kill them. The task of retrieving the magic key inside a giant toad’s stomach could be an allegory of Ofelia trying to find favor from Captain Vidal, but unlike the toad where she was successful; she was repulsed by Vidal and was treated just like anybody else. The pale man in the long table with bountiful fruits and images of children being eaten and mound full of children’s shoes is an allegory of Captain Vidal seating on the same setting, eating delicious food while the rest of the townspeople fall in line to get their rations. The last task that is to sacrifice her little brother for her to be able to open the portal, but did not do so and in the eventuality lost her life; is an allegory of Vidal sacrificing Ofelia’s life, he did what Ofelia did not do, that is to kill, and the consequence of Vidal’s action was death in the hands of the rebels. All the while, Ofelia was pointed out as The One that would make a significant change in the real world, and as The One missing Princess Moana in the parallel world. Conclusion The movie was full of symbolism and parallelism that are subject to different opinions and interpretations by various scholars. The comparisons and allegories discussed in this paper may seem absurd or untoward by other scholars but myth interpretation is by itself subjective, and as a free and imaginative thinker, through a proper structure, the writer had expressed his/her opinions and views accordingly. There may be some that the writer had missed or other areas that were overlooked, but all things considered, this is a brief analysis of the movie Pan’s Labyrinth with regards to myth interpretation. References Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Powell, Barry B. Classical Myth. Fifth Edition How to cite Myth Interpretation, Essay examples

Contemporary Health Issues & Policies-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Health Issues and Policies. Answer: Introduction As per the new report of Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACCR), the school attendance of indigenous children is getting worse despite extensive investment in Closing the Gap programs (ABC News 2017). Closing the Gap campaign is a government strategy to reduce all forms of disadvantages present in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and promoting educational achievement in indigenous people was one of the goals of the campaign. However, latest reports suggest that half of indigenous students do not complete their schooling and they are absent at least 10% of the school year (ABC News 2017). The school attendance rate for indigenous student in 2014 was 83.5% and in 2017, it was 83.2%. This suggest that attendance rate has remained stable, however the data is low compared to school attendance for non-indigenous student, which was 93% in 2017 (Closingthegap.pmc.gov.au. 2018). This indicates that the target of Close the Gap program to reduce the gap for school attendance in indigenous children has not been achieved. In relation to this issue, the Western Australian State government is having an inquiry into Indigenous school attendance completion. To provide an evidence-based parliamentary session, this paper explores the issue in-depth by linking it to relevant social determinant of health factors. The paper also has the scope to provide idea about how recent policies have addressing social determinant factors affecting indigenous school attendance and recommend changes or improvement needed in existing policies. Link between indigenous school attendance completion and social determinant of health: Social determinant of health is the factor or condition under which person lives, work and ages and these conditions have an impact on health of an individual. For example, the employment condition, education, housing, urbanization and financial factors determine health and well-being of an individual or population (World Health Organization 2018).Hence, in response to the issue of poor school attendance in indigenous children, it can be said that several social determinant factors like urbanization issues, poverty issues and employment factor has resulted in poor school completion rate in indigenous people. The link between each of these factors and their contribution to the issue of poor Indigenous school attendance/completion rate is understood by further discussion in the next section. Urbanization issues and housing are two social determinants of health that determines well-being of people and their ability to access education to promote health (Patil 2014). By comparing the data related to school attendance in indigenous and non-indigenous children, it has been found that lower school attendance was higher for children living in more remote areas compared to those living in metropolitan areas. In addition, the attendance rate of non-indigenous group is higher because remoteness is not an issue for them (Closingthegap.pmc.gov.au. 2018). Hence, differences in living and housing condition of non-indigenous and indigenous people have been seen due to urbanization and employment issues. Urbanization is a process that leads to growth of cities and economic development and affects health of an individual. People living in city finds easy access to health, however those living in slums and remotes areas are socially excluded. They lack accessibility to resources necessar y for health and well-being (Patil 2014). Hence, urbanization as a social determinant of health and the reason behind decline in school attendance from metropolitan areas to remotes areas are understood from the discussion. To improve school attendance of indigenous children, housing issue needs to be targeted first as this can only improve educational outcomes for children. Cunningham and MacDonald, (2012) explained that housing is strongly related to school outcome. Children who live in remote areas or overcrowded areas lack the necessary resource to do well in their studies. In addition, parents experiencing housing issues priorities other activities instead of sending children to school. The discussion clear states that housing problems affect school attendance and make children vulnerable to lower academic achievement. Children living in underdeveloped or remote areas are also likely to suffer from health consequence due to exposure to insects, infection and pollution. Hence, addressing housing issue is important not only to improve school attendance in indigenous people but also to improve their outcome. Employment is also a social determinant factor that has links to the issue of low indigenous school attendance rate. Employment is a factor that shapes social position of a person and type of jobs and conditions of underemployment determines and health and well-being of an individual. People suffering from employment issues are more likely to suffer from mental and physical health issues (Benach et al. 2014). The review of local environment of indigenous people suggests that they suffer from poverty, unemployment and poor community facilities. Hence, such employment issues results in poor parents attitude towards education and it significantly has an impact on rate of school attendance of children. Employment is linked to educational outcome in a person and this is understood from the fact that when indigenous and non-indigenous Australians have low level of education, there no employment gap. However, when low educational attainment is found in any group, it results in poor health o utcome, reduced employment opportunities and lower income too (Pmc.gov.au. 2018). Current policies and Australian governments efforts to improve employment opportunities for indigenous people can increase the likelihood of complete school attendance rate in their children. There is a need to analyze teaching methods, method of engagement with parents and early interventions by the Australian government too to understand the cause behind disparities in school attendance between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Understanding teaching methods and method of engagement in school is also important because many parents relate poor attendance to school related factors such as school environment and attitude of teachers towards children (Krakouer 2016). Hence, as current policy initiatives like Close the Gap are not on the track to achieve the goal of educational attainment in Indigenous student, there is a need to analyze current policy initiatives for the group to recommend future course of action to improve attendance in schools for indigenous student. Policies Related to the education of Indigenous people According to the statistical report, the indigenous group of people is the most unfortunate and disadvantaged group in the continent. The figures related to the level of income, health, the ultimate expectancy of life, income level affects largely upon the capability of the indigenous population to effectively participate in the educational system (Pmc.gov.au 2015).Reports from UNESCO broadly highlights numerous policies and programs in the platform of social sciences, communication, information and education for providing positive impacts and effective opportunities for the indigenous children (Humanrights.gov.au 2018). The UNESCO policy of leave no one behind at the 2030 commitment targets to ensure that all the rights and requirements of the indigenous group of people are noticed and resolved (Un.org 2016).Furthermore, the UN declaration on the rights of the indigenous group of people by the guidelines of UN General Assembly and the UN Development Group states the importance of engaging and guiding the indigenous people in various sectors of development within their community (Unesco.org 2017). Educational policies of the indigenous people Governmental policies aim to improve the educational outcomes and livelihood of the indigenous students so that they get successful in every aspect of their life and in the field of education and career. The policies provide guidance for the management and development of the indigenous education by fixing out certain principles, protocols, and objectives. The policy further aims to align the educational activities at the college and school level with the national educational policy for the indigenous group of people. The NSW Aboriginal Education Consultative Group is one of the major advisory bodies for the evolution of the educational field of the indigenous students (Unesco.org 2017). The government of Australia is committed for achieving higher results for the indigenous people and the governmental agencies are working with the targeted states and the community for ensuring the policy programs at the mainstream schools and colleges contribute for the improvement in the educational background and outcomes for all the community students. Furthermore the policies by the state government targets to affirm the basic rights of the indigenous students for their fair, significant and equitable opportunities in education for a quality education. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework by the government of Australia is constructed in support of the indigenous education and in the identification of the requirement for the development and maintenance of the flexible and innovative practice to improve and support educational policy. Some of the notable policies of the government are ACT Department of Education and Training, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Strategic Plan 200609, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Matters: Strategic Plan 20102013, Ministerial Council for Education Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs (MCEECDYA), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Action Plan 2010-2014 and more (Aihw.gov.au. 2016). These policies mainly highlight the importance of the students to participate in the concept of learning and earning until they attain a senior secondary certificate and turn 17.The six closing gaps regarding the SDOHs of the indigenous group includes: The end of the life expectancy gap and the impact of the life expectancy on the education of the indigenous students. The gap in the mortality rates for the indigenous children less than five years. Investigating and ensuring that all the indigenous children f the remote communities have access to childhood education. Closing the gap in reading, writing, and numeracy among the all the students. Halving the employment gap and gap in wage rates among the indigenous community people. The impact of less pay and lower income rates on the level of education and rate of school going among the children in the community (Aihw.gov.au. 2016). The gap for the students of the indigenous community from receiving equal treatment and good quality education in the institutions and schools in Australia. In respect to the above six gaps stated above, the government of the state and the territorial government are committed to reduce and abolish the gaps of marginalization and discrimination that impacts the educational status and health of the community people. The figure below illustrates the rate of indigenous children attaining the school level education and the effect of the health status on the attainment of primary education among the indigenous community group. Figure 1 Source: (Humanrights.gov.au 2018) Recommendation As the government tries to maintain control, the lack of progression in the field of education among the indigenous community students highlights a new form of colonization (Marmot et al. 2012). Thus some of the recommended outcomes for the effective development of the health and the educational status of the indigenous population include the achievement of parity for the indigenous students, introduction for the need-based recurring funding. The need for a strategic framework and new governmental policies for the introduction of stipend facilities for the indigenous students are some of the major recommended measures (Fisher et al. 2016). Furthermore, practices and opportunities for school level and institutional changes and the commonwealth programs of the government needs to be revised to promote effective quality of education among the indigenous students of Australia (Jacob, Liu and Lee 2015). Some of the essential steps the government can take include the introduction of schola rship and free aid programs for the low-income families in the indigenous community and improvement of the attitudes of the non-indigenous people towards the indigenous group. Introduction of indigenous tutorial assistance scheme and vocational training facilities for the students of the indigenous group needs to be revised. The principles of justice and equity needs to restored and policies should be formed focusing on the achievement and support of the educational and health outcomes of the indigenous students. Conclusion Education is considered to be the basic human right and imposition of inappropriate policies has resulted in a further loss of indigenous people. The United Nations Declaration on the rights of the Indigenous People states that it is the basic right of the indigenous people to participate actively in the health and education programs. Though various international efforts have been implemented for the indigenous children in the realization of the rights to the indigenous education, much improvement is needed to abolish the barriers the community people face in accessing quality education. References: ABC News. 2017. Indigenous and rural school attendance getting worse, new report shows. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-06/indigenous-school-attendance-going-backwards/9230346 Aihw.gov.au. 2016.Australias health 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/d115fe0f-9452-4475-b31e-bf6e7d099693/ah16-4-2-social-determinants-indigenous-health.pdf.aspx [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Benach, J., Vives, A., Amable, M., Vanroelen, C., Tarafa, G. and Muntaner, C., 2014. Precarious employment: understanding an emerging social determinant of health.Annual review of public health,35. Closingthegap.pmc.gov.au. 2018. Education | Closing the Gap. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://closingthegap.pmc.gov.au/education Cunningham, M. and MacDonald, G., 2012. Housing as a platform for improving education outcomes among low-income children.Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Fisher, M., Baum, F.E., MacDougall, C., Newman, L., McDermott, D. and Phillips, C., 2016. Intersectoral action on SDH and equity in Australian health policy.Health promotion international,32(6), pp.953-963. Humanrights.gov.au. 2018.Social determinants and the health of Indigenous peoples in Australia a human rights based approach | Australian Human Rights Commission. [online] Available at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous-peoples-australia-human-rights-based [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Jacob, W.J., Liu, J. and Lee, C.W., 2015. Policy debates and indigenous education: The trialectic of language, culture, and identity. InIndigenous Education(pp. 39-61). Springer, Dordrecht. Krakouer, J., 2016. Aboriginal Early Childhood Education: Why attendance and true engagement are equally important, retrieved from: https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044context=indigenous_education Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R., Bloomer, E. and Goldblatt, P., 2012. WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide.The Lancet,380(9846), pp.1011-1029. Patil, R.R., 2014. Urbanization as a determinant of health: a socioepidemiological perspective.Social work in public health,29(4), pp.335-341. Pmc.gov.au. 2015.Policies and strategies | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework 2014 Report. [online] Available at: https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/indigenous/Health-Performance-Framework-2014/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-health-performance-framework-2014-report/policies-and.html [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Pmc.gov.au. 2018. Education | Closing the Gap - Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/reports/closing-the-gap-2016/chapter-02/index.html Un.org. 2016.State of the Worlds Indigenous Peoples. [online] Available at: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/2016/Docs-updates/SOWIP_Health.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Unesco.org. 2017.UNESCO Policy on Indigenous Peoples | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. [online] Available at: https://www.unesco.org/new/en/indigenous-peoples/related-info/unesco-policy-on-indigenous-peoples/ [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. World Health Organization. 2018. About social determinants of health. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/